How Do Car Insurance Companies Set Rates?

All types of insurance, including car insurance, involve a transfer of risk between two entities - the insured and the insurer.  As a car insurance policyholder, you're contracted with your insurer for them to underwrite a number of the risks posed by the ownership/operation of your vehicle.  The number of risks being underwritten will partially determine premium rates.  The greater the risks being underwritten, the greater the policy premium costs.

These risks protections may include:

• Liability coverage for bodily injury or death of a third person or persons (legally required coverage in NC)
• Liability coverage for property damage of a third person or persons (legally required coverage in NC) 
• Uninsured motorist coverage (legally required coverage in NC)
• The risk of collision
• The risk of a non-collision loss such as fire, theft, vandalism or severe weather damage
• Personal Injury Protection to help toward the medical costs of your own injuries, regardless of who is found to be at fault

Collision coverage is typically the most expensive portion of a car insurance policy, since the risk of a costly claims payout may be greatest in a serious collision deemed your fault.  This high cost can be reduced by increasing your deductible amount from, say $500 to $2000.  The amount of your policy deductibles is another factor affecting your final policy rate. 

Other Factors Affecting Car Insurance Rates

A broad range of data is used by car insurers to determine rates.  Some factors are more important than others but, taken together, they give underwriters a good idea of what kind of insurance risk you represent to their company.  Consider the following:

• A major rating factor, especially for young drivers, is policyholder age.  The most expensive rates are for teenagers and the least expensive are for those drivers in their 50s.  The reason is because teens have proven to be faster, more reckless and aggressive drivers.  Higher risks equal higher premium costs.
• Driving history - a history of moving violations and/or accident claims are a red flag and will cause higher costs.
• Location plays a role because certain zip codes show higher accident rates and higher risk of theft, vandalism, wildfires or floods.
• Gender - primarily affects young drivers.  Young males are more likely to drive recklessly than females.
• Mileage traveled - more miles driven means higher risk to your insurer.
• Age and value of your vehicle plays a role in rating your insurance.